附录11:《旧燕书》孝庄文皇后本纪——sduyiyi(1 / 2)

覆汉 榴弹怕水 1609 字 2022-05-31

《旧燕书》孝庄文皇后本纪

孝庄仁宣诚宪恭懿至德纯徽翊天启圣文皇后,太祖亲母也。太祖少失怙,乃贩缯抚之。其人善商贸,知财货,乐善好施,为族中所敬,皆呼:公孙大娘。

有言曰,先是时,文皇帝为吏,自州中归,至一井旁,忽见虹光大盛,近前乃见一女子,形貌昳丽,自言沛国谯人也,坠井,恍惚至于此。帝甚异,度此女大贵,乃纳之。是女,即后也。

即归令支,未几夫亡,后哀思久之,竟别宗族,日夜潜行数百里至故地,将投井,有童见金蛇舞于井旁,告于有司,见后于旁,乃止之。夜寐,复闻夫言:“吾本福薄,然吾儿大贵,且善抚之。”验之,果有身矣。后乃断发明志,誓不再嫁。乡里闻之,皆敬其烈。

初家贫无着,后乃广建商号,名曰“安利”,经营食货,沟通塞外,遍植幽冀,乃至家赀矩亿。子弟如越、瓒者,皆赖其供养。又有张俭亡命,望门投止,破家无数,终托其所庇也。暇时则著书立言,以教太祖。复亲为民事,多有奇思:献引水灌溉之法以应旱灾,捕食飞虫之策以对蝗祸,两辽之民,赖以得安。时同州卢植初称贤于乡里,闻其事,叹曰:“吾等皆不若辽西一妇人耳。”所为如是。凡经商,二十载安利号流通天下;凡著书,固百万言,文史小说诗歌皆涉;凡为民事,安抚二辽,以成塞外繁华。世称奇早于太祖奋发。

熹平三年,太祖年十八,为郡中吏。后召之曰:“辽西边鄙,文教不蕃,不若洛中多名士。今有卢公才兼文武,见执教于缑氏山,宜往求之。且有言曰:读万卷书,不如行万里路。途径之地,必先存问风俗,以广见闻。”乃谴太祖及其族兄瓒、族弟越共赴洛阳。及至洛,适卢植出九江,得遇帝师刘宽。宽观三兄弟皆不凡,尽收入门下。待植返,太祖则恭奉两师,未有异色,由是享誉士林。

五年,后以太祖少孤,常忧本家无后,乃召之返乡。太祖至孝,欲辞郡职以奉寡母,适闻太守赵公母为贼人所劫,犹疑难决。后谓太祖曰:“为人子者当孝其亲,为人臣者亦当忠其君,其母亦同汝母也。今事急,且速去,勿以我为念。”太祖即以五骑入敌营,得救郡守母归。赵公闻之,感其太祖母子高义,遂以女妻太祖。同年,太祖得蔡邕托以藏书万卷,后试以雕版之术,印于公孙纸上,须臾成册,辽地藏书遂丰。时南阳名士娄圭初从太祖,叹后之才德,曰:“观其母,可知其子也!”乃约为私臣,自请入安利号为账房,经年余,得授会计、数术。

六年,太祖以破鲜卑功入洛。时宦官乱政,后勉之曰:“朝局之乱,皆起阉宦,吾儿勇烈,当速革其弊。”太祖从之,果诛王甫等,复庭抗曹节,天下震动。

光和二年初,太祖出为襄平令,破高句丽,有部私掘荒坟,后闻之,责曰:“汝少孤,得以长成,皆赖汉家风俗。今纵兵祸,以坏其风,可乎?”太祖谢之,重刑其部,军纪乃肃。

光和中,民生凋敝,黔首无以裹腹,竟有易子而食者;然豪富之家,争奇斗研,一掷千金,未有稍减。后见而深忧之,曰:“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨,此富贵岂能长久乎?”乃自抑豪奢珍玩,多备布匹粮草之属。及黄巾乱起,乃发府库,赈灾济困,收纳流民,百姓多赖以得存。或言曰:后于二辽,太祖于昌平,燕肇基之始也。

中平六年,鲜卑乱幽州。时太祖征凉州,得信,面无忧色,指挥若定,三日破韩遂而还。左右曰:“后方起火,其无忧乎?”对曰:“家母在彼,吾无忧也。”及还,平鲜卑乱。太祖忧胡族反复,问策于后。后曰:“胡族民智未开,宜施以教化,其夷狄而中国者,则中国之。”乃编慕容、宇文、段氏三部,是为辽西三卫也。复筑坚城于要地,播佛法于塞外,民夷感后德化,称“救苦救难观世音菩萨”,边境遂宁。

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